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Galvanic Corrosion

Galvanic corrosion is a type of corrosion that occurs when two different metallic materials are in direct contact with each other in the presence of an electrolyte, such as moisture or water. In this process, the different metals act as electrodes and form an electrochemical cell.

When two different metals come into contact with each other, an electrochemical potential difference is created between them. The metal that is more electronegative, meaning more likely to release electrons, becomes the anode and corrodes. The other metal, which is less electronegative, acts as the cathode and is protected from corrosion. Electrons flow from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte, causing the anode material to break down and corrode.

What is Galvanic Corrosion & Galvanic Currents?

Galvanic currents occur when galvanic corrosion takes place. The current generated by the electrochemical reactions between the two metals can lead to corrosion damage, especially in moist or acidic environments. These currents can result in the loss of metallic material, weakening of structures, and potential operational disruptions in electrical systems.

To prevent or minimize galvanic corrosion and galvanic currents, various methods can be used. A common approach is to use galvanically compatible materials, which means using metals that have similar electrochemical properties to reduce the potential difference. Other techniques include the use of corrosion-resistant coatings, insulation between different metals, and the use of sacrificial anodes, which are more prone to corroding and protect the main structure.

Galvanic corrosion and galvanic currents are important to understand and manage in many industries, including construction and the automotive industry, to ensure long-term durability and functionality of metallic structures and systems.
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Production of sacrificial anodes using advanced alloy formulations for optimal corrosion protection

Protection Against Galvanic Corrosion With Sacrificial Anodes

A key approach in combating galvanic corrosion involves utilizing cathodic protection systems, with the sacrificial anode emerging as a prominent solution. Crafted from a metal alloy boasting a more negative electrochemical potential than the protected metal (cathode), the sacrificial anode undergoes controlled corrosion, effectively hindering oxidation reactions on the structure's surface. Two essential prerequisites underpin the efficacy of this method, ensuring a symbiotic relationship between anode and cathode and precise material selection. This strategic deployment of sacrificial anodes presents a robust defense against galvanic corrosion, guided by electrochemical principles and engineered precision.
  • There must be a return current path (a current path connecting the anode and the cathode)
  • An electrolyte (water, soil, etc) to convey the electrons.
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